One of the most important applications of GIS is the display and analysis of data to support the process of environmental decision-making. A decision can be defined as a choice between alternatives, where the alternatives may be different actions, locations, objects, and the like. For example, one might need to choose which is the best location for a hazardous waste facility, or perhaps identif...

Spatial decision making is a fundamental function of contemporary Geographic Information Systems (GIS). One of the most fertile GIS development areas is integrating multiple criteria decision models (MCDM) into GIS querying mechanisms. The classic approach for this integration has been to use Boolean techniques of MCDM with crisp representations of spatial objects (features) to produce static m...

setting standards for translation assessment has usually been problematic for authorities, theoreticians, and most commonly instructors. it is often difficult to tell the difference between translation evaluation, criticism, and assessment due to hardships of bridging the gap between theory and practice. the aim of this study was to create a rubric against which translations could be assessed. ...