In-situ cast concrete deep foundation elements are common in Hong Kong for supporting high-rise buildings. If the quality and structural integrity of these foundation elements are in doubt, the safety of buildings will be jeopardised. Traditionally, a static loading test is the only effective way to verify the loading capacity of a foundation element. In this test, a pile is required to withsta...

stability and safety analysis of dams is a subject which has been studied in recent years by several researchers. researchers have used various methods and models for studying the stability of the dam. several methods are proposed for the analysis of earth dams under earthquakes. some of these methods are viscoelastic methods and semi static methods. each of these methods can be used as an appr...

Foundations may undergo severe distress during an earthquake. One such example of foundation failure involving toppling of apartment blocks due to liquefaction during the 1964 Niigata Earthquake is presented in Figure 1. Earthquake effects on shallow and deep foundations are accounted for by designing them structurally to provide necessary strength and ensure serviceability. Strength considerat...

We investigate the non-perturbative effects on the ratio R = σL/σT in lepton-nucleon deep inelastic scattering by taking into account the lowest dimensional condensate contributions from the QCD vacuum. By combining conventional perturbative QCD corrections and the Georgi-Politzer targetmass effects with the non-perturbative effects from the QCD vacuum, we give a good description of the Q2 and ...