For Muslims, the tawatur of the Quran—the fact that it has been massively and consecutively transmitted from generation to generation since the time of the Prophet—is among the most important proofs which shows that the Qur’an we have today is the same scripture that was revealed to the Prophet. However, this proof has been neglected in the studies of Western scholars on the topic of t...

houshang, second mythical king of iran, is introduced as pishdad in historical texts. he had the most important duties such as collecting water in ponds, ordering to hunt wild animals, clothes making, carpeting using animal's skin, and encouraging people to agriculture. arabic historical texts are written in the early islamic centuries narrating the stories of persian kings. they were derived f...

The meaning and elaboration of Jihad (just-sacred war) hold an important place in Islamic history thought. On the far side its spiritual meanings, term has been historically previously associated with Arab Believers’ conquest 7th–8th centuries CE. However, main idea this contribution is to develop “sacralization war” as a relevant facet that was elaborated by Christian (pro-Byzantine) clans nor...

The expansion of the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates (seventh to ninth centuries AD) brought diverse regions from Indus Valley Eurasian Steppe under hegemonic control. An overlooked aspect this political process is subsequent translocation species across ecological zones. This article explores introduction in early Islamic world, presenting first archaeological evidence for domestic water buffal...

With an emphasis on its prominent historical points, this article attempts to take a fresh look at the evolution of political thought in Islam and Iran. This review attempts to identify the milestones of the history of political thought in Iran and in particular, in the Islamic world. By identifying them, the impact of each of the ideas of urban Iran, Sunni Islam, Shiite Islam, the Greek and th...

Natural Delivery Positions According to Ancient Doctors of the Islamic Civilization Period (the 3rd 13th Centuries)

In his writings, the Bāb (1819–1850), founder of Bābī religion, introduced laws and pronounced ethical injunctions pertaining to women that marked a significant departure from Muslim legal norms social customs prevailing in Iran wider Islamic world. His statements signal deliberate attempt improve status women, including marital relations. They addressed issues such as mutʿah taḥlīl marriages, ...

The period between the late XIX – early XX centuries in history of Tatar social thought represents age rapid development. On one hand, this fact is connected with processes formation capitalism Russia, since new circumstances required conclusions theologians. other it related political and economic stagnation Islamic world. In regard, Muslim theologians, including were looking for a way out cur...

There is considerable debate on the meaning of Islamic Medicine, and its relationship to other medical doctrines, especially Western medicine. Previous definitions of Islamic Medicine affirm that it is any practice of medicine which does not contradict the basic tenets of the Islamic doctrine. In this article the author suggests that Islamic Medicine should adhere to the theoretical and philoso...