For longitudinal data, mixed models include random subject effects to indicate how subjects influence their responses over repeated assessments. The error variance and the variance of the random effects are usually considered to be homogeneous. These variance terms characterize the within-subjects (i.e., error variance) and between-subjects (i.e., random-effects variance) variation in the data....

Ecological migration policy has been proposed and implemented as a means for depopulating ecological restoration areas in the arid Northwest China. Migration intention is critical to the effectiveness of ecological migration policy. However, studies on migration intention in relation to ecological migration policy in China remain scant. Thus this paper aims to investigate the rural residents’ m...

Background & Aim: Different species from mint family (Lamiaceae) are used as spices and fragrance in food or as medicine against viral or microbial diseases in many countries for generation. Lamiaceae family contains 46 genus and 410 species. One of the valuable and medicinal species of this family is Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. This species contains the essential o...

Objective: Today, addressing the issue of sustainability especially in agriculture has received more attention. Sustainability in the systems of Canola cultivation depends on many factors like ecological, social and economic dimensions and understanding these factors can result in formulation of policies and strategies for sustainable agricultural development. Methods: 8961 Canola farmers of Qa...

The study was designated to complete a chemical and ecological evaluation of a genuine Chinese medicine Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (A. macrocephala) and to explore the existence of correlation between chemical ingredients of different A. macrocephala populations and ecological factors. Different samples of A. macrocephala collected from six Chinese habitats were analyzed using chemical and...

We compare lizard assemblages of Cerrado and Amazonian savannas to test the ecological release hypothesis, which predicts that niche dimensions and abundance should be greater in species inhabiting isolated habitat patches with low species richness (Amazonian savannas and isolated Cerrado patches) when compared with nonisolated areas in central Cerrado with greater species richness. We calculat...

1. What is ecological zoogeography 2. Ecogeographical “rules” 2.1. Bergmann’s rule 2.2. Allen’s rule 2.3. Rapoport’s rule 3. Distribution of animals: patterns and causal factors 3.1. Species conceptualization and delimitation: their importance for zoogeography 3.2. Patterns of distribution 3.3. Endemisms and relicts 3.4. Abiotic ecological factors influencing species distribution 3.5. Biotic ec...