background: understanding the motives and reasons for drug treatment is very important. this study aimed to develop a psychometric evaluation to determine the reasons for addiction treatment among outpatients referred to addiction treatment clinics. methods: this cross-sectional validation study included five phases (i) item generation (ii) making an initial questionnaire (iii) content validity...

There are many systems that provide anonymity service for the users. Most of these systems work on the separation between the users’ identity and the final destination. The level of anonymity these services provide affected by several factors. Some of these factors are related to the design of the anonymity service itself. Others are related to how the system is used or what is the application/...

the main purpose of this study was to identify driving factors of application of renewable energies in smallholder farming systems of the tafresh county. a descriptive survey method was used for collecting the data. the statistical population of the study consisted of 2470 small farmers working in the smallholder farming systems of the region, in which 300 people were selected as sample using t...

drying, is one of the important postharvest processes of medicinal plants with an important role played in quality and quantity of the drugs. in this research, in order to study the effect of growing conditions and different drying methods on drying time, essential oil content, color characteristics and microbial load of dracocephalum moldavica, a factorial experiment in randomized complete blo...

This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate English language teachers’ lesson plan- ning self-concept. To this end, 30 English teachers were asked to prepare a sample lesson plan and 15 of them were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. A tentative questionnaire including six fac- tors namely: classroom management, lesson planning conformity, planning eff...

As one of the rapidly developing technologies, mobile technology brings employees not only the enhanced work effectiveness and efficiency but also some unexpected consequences such as the so called technostress which has been regarded as an increasingly serious issue in contemporary organizations. Despite prior studies have provided some interpretive and qualitative analysis on this issue, the ...

Soil Management (SM) is critical to human well-being that it is more important now because of meeting the high demands for food production and satisfying the needs of an increasing world population. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptivecorrelation study was to investigate the effective factors on wheat farmers’ adoption of Farming Methods of Soil Management (FMSM). The research instrument ...

The steam coal price in China has been continuously decreasing since the second half of 2012. Constant low price of coal will accelerate the development of thermal power, cause more serious air pollution problems, and bring adverse influence to China’s energy reformation in the future. Therefore, analyzing the factors underlying the phenomenon of the decreasing steam coal price is significant. ...