In physics, a phase transition from liquid to solid means that molecules are stuck between their neighbours. We investigate a similar effect in a crowd at a small exit. People cross the exit one by one, but the majority moves very slowly. Those from behind press, and if the density is large enough, it is impossible to move with respect to our neighbours. Can one withdraw from the crowd or he/sh...

We study the influence of the dimension of cellular automata (CA) for real time language recognition of one-dimensional languages with parallel input. Specifically, we focus on the question of determining whether every language that can be recognized in real time on a 2-dimensional CA working on the Moore neighborhood can also be recognized in real time by a 1-dimensional CA working on the stan...

Network decontamination (or disinfection) is a widely studied problem in distributed computing. Network sites are assumed to be contaminated (e.g., by a virus) and a team of agents is deployed to decontaminate the whole network. In the vast literature a variety of assumptions are made on the power of the agents, which can typically communicate, exchange information, remember the past, etc. In t...

Background & Aim: Verbascum songaricum is a perennial herbaceous belongs to the Scrophulariaceae (snapdragon) family. Current study was done to study the environmental conditions effect on phytochemical properties of Verbascum songaricum leaves for extracting the effective materials. Experimental: This study was conducted at five range sites, including Hoze valley, Ghahiz, So...