An overview of hierarchical data structures for representing images, such as the quadtree and octree, is presented. They are based on the principle of recursive decomposition. The emphasis is on the representation of data used in applications in computer graphics, computer-aided design, robotics, computer vision, and cartography. There is a greater emphasis on region data (i.e., 2-dimensional s...

The scale of big data causes the compositions of extract-transform-load (ETL) workflows to grow increasingly complex. With the turnaround time for delivering solutions becoming a greater emphasis, stakeholders cannot continue to afford to wait the hundreds of hours it takes for domain experts to manually compose a workflow solution. This paper describes a novel AI planning approach that facilit...

This paper investigates the effect of exchange rate uncertainty on the Iran’s import trade. The exchange rate ‎uncertainty series were generated utilizing the TARCH model. This model analyzes the asymmetric effects. The analysis of uncertainty and asymmetry ‎of the exchange rate shows significant TARCH ‎effect on Iran’s exchange rates‎. The findings of the study indicate negative shocks (bad ne...

The paper argues for the de-emphasis of the reduction of crime fear as a policy objective. The paper rehearses measurement and ethical issues which support such a view. It goes on to report the more nuanced and sophisticated views of community safety practitioners. The paper demonstrates that the abandonment of the reduction of crime fear as an objective would have little effect upon community ...

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main factors accounts for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Many factors are related with low birth weight. The present study was conducted to identify the prevalence and related factors of LBW in Mashhad, northeast of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in all medical health centers of Mashhad during the first six months of...

This paper focuses on the multiservice aspects of the Smart Grid communications system with particular emphasis on the real time requirements of its control system. A general outline of the Smart Grid is presented and its general communications requirements are identified. The stringent real-time requirements of substation and transmission line control are discussed in greater detail. An overvi...