A range of monthly series are currently available giving indications of short-term movements in output in the UK. The main aim of this paper is to suggest a formal and coherent procedure for grossing these monthly data up to represent the whole of GDP. Although the resultant estimates of GDP would be worse than those obtained by direct measurement, they should be more satisfactory than simply m...

â â â â â  â â â  abstract â  beijing’s industrial structure is service-oriented with a high degree of economic openness, and gdp has maintained rapid growth. this paper analyzes the international financial crisis and the impact of china’s anti-crisis policies on beijing’s economic development as well as its transmission mechanism. impact index (excluding seasonal factors) and arma model ...

Abstract Consensus in the international community has grown over the past two years that HIV/AIDS poses a threat to development, security, and economic growth. A few studies over the last ten years have looked at the impact on workers and their employers. With momentum building to prevent new infections and treat those already afflicted, more information is needed to assess economic impact...

Background As middle-income countries become more affluent, economically sophisticated and productive, health expenditure patterns are likely to change. Other socio-demographic and political changes that accompany rapid economic growth are also likely to influence health spending and financial protection.   Methods This study investigates the relationship between growth on per-capita healthcare...

this paper investigates the relationship between total energy consumption and gdp in six countries of the middle east , including iran,pakistan,saudi arabia,oman,bahrain and the united arab emirates. the data are annual and spanning the period 1980-2012.we employed hsiao’s (1981) methodology to examine causality relation between total energy consumption and gdp.the empirical findings show a uni...

Stress in financial markets influences economic agents’ behavior by creating uncertainty and changing the expectations. Critical financial stress can lead to financial crisis. Financial crises are among the events always present in the world economy. Iran is not an exception. This paper aims to study the impact of financial stresses on Iran’s per capita GDP. By using ARDL (Auto Regressive Distr...