Ionizing radiation has long been known to increase the risk of cancer. X-rays and γ-rays are officially classified as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer.(1) Of the 5 billion imaging investigations performed worldwide two-thirds employ ionizing radiation.(2) Diagnostic x-rays are the largest man-made source of radiation exposure to the gen...

which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The editors of the New England Journal of Medicine presented the eleven most important medical developments of the past thousand years in the first issue of the year 2000 (1). Internal imaging of the human body was selected as one of those developments. Sinc...

Background: Medical diagnostic procedures such as X-ray and computed Tomography (CT) scan account for considerable percent of patient's exposure to ionizing radiation. The exposure of cells to Ionization radiation results in induction of DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Contrast media (CM) are widely used in diagnostic radiology and CT scan. The aim of this study was to study adverse gen...

Introduction: Exposure to ionizing radiation can be through direct hit or water radiolysis lead to oxidation in biological systems. In this study, the protective effect of Myrtus Communis aqueous extract on structural changes and oxidative stress in red blood cells and plasma proteins was examined after receipt of ionizing radiation. Materials and Methods: wis...

The South African National Centre for Radiography and Tomography (SANCRAT), located at Necsa, strives to be leaders in utilizing ionizing radiation as imaging probes in research and development as part of the South African National System of Innovation. The centre already encompasses a Neutron Radiography and Tomography facility (SANRAD) as well as a High Energy X-ray facility (HEXRAD). Recentl...

The purpose of this article is to review imaging findings and to discuss the optimal imaging methods for craniosynostosis. The discussion of imaging findings are focused on ultrasonography, plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstruction. We suggest a strategy for imaging work-up for the diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up to minim...

  Ionizing radiation has long been known to produce detrimental biological effects. Although these harmful effects are the results of high doses of exposure, some other maladies such as mutation and cancer seems  to be induced at low doses of exposure. In recent decades, however, some pioneer scientists have indicated that ionizing radiation like many other essential agents has toxic effects  ...

Sonography is an important clinical tool in diagnosing appendicitis in children as it can obviate both exposure to potentially harmful ionising radiation from computed tomography scans and the need for unnecessary appendicectomies. This review examines the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the identification of acute appendicitis, with a particular focus on the the utility of secondary sonog...