Supplier selection is one of the influential decisions for effectiveness of purchasing and manufacturing policies under competitive conditions of the market. Regarding the fact that decision makers (DMs) consider conflicting criteria for selecting suppliers, multiple-criteria programming is a promising approach to solve the problem. This paper develops a nadir compromise programming (NCP) model...

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I believe that industry requirements for software estimate accuracy are infeasible. This is because software development, like economics and management science, is a complex, non-linear adaptive system and as such any attempt to estimate project effort or timescales is likely to result in very inaccurate estimates. In my view, it is important to understand the nature of the uncertainty in estim...

Despite great advances in our understanding of statistics, a focus on statistical significance and P values, or lack power, persists. Unfortunately, this dichotomizes research findings comparing differences between groups treatments as either significant not significant. This creates false incorrect sense certainty. Statistics provide us measure the degree uncertainty random error data. To impr...

Uncertainty of measurement comprises, in general, many components. Some of these components may be evaluated from the statistical distribution of the results of a series of measurements and can be characterized by experimental standard deviations. The other components, which also can be characterized by standard deviations, are evaluated from assumed probability distributions based on experienc...

Writing academic texts by novice researchers requires a framework and support by learning how to cite the works of others. However, compared to the studies on other academic writings, studying citations by considering certainty markers has received little attention. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the shifts of certainty markers (hedges and boosters) in pre- and post-citation ...