Layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum requires Reelin, an extracellular matrix protein, and mammalian Disabled (mDab1), a cytosolic protein that activates tyrosine kinases. Here, we report the requirement for two other proteins, cell surface receptors termed very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2). Both receptors can bind mDab1 ...

The statics and dynamics of smectic C (and C) liquid crystals has been a long-standing topic for investigations. All the previous descriptions, however, have been restricted in some sense. Either the theories were linear, or at layers were assumed, or the layer thickness was taken to be constant, or only statics was considered, or the description (in the chiral case) included terms not compatib...

It has been widely accepted that intelligent robots operating in dynamic environments should be built using a combination of two very different approaches: reactive and deliberative architectures. The use of only one of these approaches leads to sub-optimal performance when nontrivial tasks are to be performed by robots in dynamic environments. Typical hybrid architectures consist of several la...

The lateral geniculate nucleus, which lies between the retina and the striate cortex in the visual pathway of mammals, is often made up of several distinctive cell layers, or laminae. We have used immunohistochemical methods to localize two glial cell intermediate filament proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin, and have found that layering of glial cells is evident before neuro...

The statics and dynamics of smectic C (and C) liquid crystals has been a long-standing topic for investigations. All the previous descriptions, however , have been restricted in some sense. Either the theories were linear, or at layers were assumed, or the layer thickness was taken to be constant, or only statics was considered, or the description (in the chiral case) included terms not compati...

Ozone profiles obtained by near-daily ozonesonde observations during campaigns at several sites in the North Atlantic are used to construct time-height cross sections of ozone concentration through the troposphere. Strong day-to-day ozone variability on the scale of synoptic meteorological disturbances is found both in the spring and in the summer throughout much of the troposphere. Layers of h...