Muscles actuate movement by generating forces. The forces generated by muscles are highly dependent on their fibre lengths, yet it is difficult to measure the lengths over which muscle fibres operate during movement. We combined experimental measurements of joint angles and muscle activation patterns during walking with a musculoskeletal model that captures the relationships between muscle fibr...

A 32-year-old white man presented to the emergency department after suffering a shotgun wound to the left lower extremity. He reports assault at point-blank range with a gun of unknown gauge while lying in the prone position. He was transported to the emergency department by emergency medical services personnel who started the use of peripherally inserted intravenous catheters and applied press...

Lower extremity venous disease is extremely common, with varicose veins remaining the most frequently encountered venous condition followed by chronic venous insuffi ciency.1,2 The two conditions often occur together, but each condition may also be present clinically without the other. Lower extremity venous disease comprises a clinical spectrum ranging from completely asymptomatic telangiectas...