in this study, the comparative advantage of main agricultural products and its relation to cropping pattern was studied in ilam province. for data analyzing the comparative advantage and government policies effects indices, policy analysis matrix (pam) were used. the obtained results for the comparative advantage indices of domestic resource cost (drc), social cost benefit (scb) and net social ...

We study the effect of hospital market concentration on the quality of patient data protection practices. We use approximately 200 reported data breaches in US hospitals over the period 2006 2011 as a measure of the quality of patient data protection practices. We measure market concentration using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and estimate our models by exploiting cross-sectional HHI va...

Policymakers in both the developed and less developed worlds have increasingly considered intellectual property protection as a major means to attract foreign direct investment (Yu, 2007, pp. 892–901). However, stronger intellectual property protection is not always needed to attract such investment. In the case of China, foreign investors were not attracted by the strong intellectual property ...

Understanding and measuring determinants of bid-ask spreads is decisive to clarifying the efficiency of the microstructure of any exchange and general market liquidity. This paper examines the market microstructure of a low liquidity, market maker driven option market, the relations to the underlying securities’ market and the challenges of pricing liquidity. Comparing empirical results with pr...

The growth of single investor identification on September 29 2022 reached 9.76 million, dominated by millennials with a percentage 59.43%, and when compared to the total population Indonesia, share is around 3.6%. Calculation recapitulation based account opening through Perantara Pedagang Efek (PPE) both conventionally sharia. Investors who enter stock exchange consist various types have their ...