Criminological theorists and criminal justice policy makers place a great deal of importance on the idea of desistance. in general terms, criminal desistance refers to a cessation of offending activity among those who have offended in the past. Some significant challenges await those who would estimate the relative size of the desisting population or attempt to identify factors that predict mem...

in this paper, we aresupposed to introduce the definitions of n-fold commutative, andimplicative hyper k-ideals. these definitions are thegeneralizations of the definitions of commutative, andimplicative hyper k-ideals, respectively, which have been definedin [12]. then we obtain some related results. in particular wedetermine the relationships between n-fold implicative hyperk-ideal and n-fold...

the belief on the necessity of the implementation of justice in criminal proceeding process is one of the fundamental principles for legal systems, which will be supported by creating public understanding of the proceeding process through the presence of people. in respect of this description, the purpose of public proceeding is for people to attend in proceeding sessions freely and closely obs...

In Vietnam, villagers involved in a REDD+ (reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) pilot protect areas with rocks which have barely a tree on them. The apparent paradox indicates how actual practices differ from general ideas about REDD+ due to ongoing conflict over forest, and how contestations over the meaning of justice are a core element in negotiations over REDD+. We e...

the traditions transmitted from the infallible imams (a. s.) are one of the most important resources of jurisprudential rulings. there are some conditions for any tradition to be accepted and islamic scholars have identified several ways for investigating that whither the conditions are met in a given tradition or not. some of these conditions are related to the narrators of a tradition, such a...