public participation is counted as one of the main indexes in sustainable urban management.based on their nature, metropolitan cities has several and complex problems. for this purpose tehranmetropolitan area is selected. quantitative strategic planning matrix (qspm) weighted through a made-byresearcherquestionnaire. the reliability of the model was verified by cronbach’s alpha coefficient. eva...

public hospitals can privatize management activities by contracting with a private organization or person to perform the work. management contract is a method which uses private sector for major government projects like hospitals. this review study evaluated management contract conditions in selected countries. we focused on services under contract, different forms of management contract, metho...

In new distributed, key-oriented access control systems access rights are delegated by a freely formed network of certiicates. For example, the SPKI public-key infrastructure is being designed for this kind of distributed trust management on the Internet. We formalize the concept of a delegation network and present a formal semantics for the delegation of access rights with certiicates. The cer...

The existence of a series of problems in transportation management of public and personal vehicles causes to consider intelligent transportation systems. Hence, here we investigate to introduce and the performance of intelligent transportation system ITS which is among new technologies in information technology and at last the importance and necessity of lack of delay in data and informat...

Abstract This chapter describes the most prominent public management reform trajectories in German administration over past decades since unification. In 1990s, New Steering Model emerged as a variant of NPM. Since mid-2000s, local governments Germany have been subjected to mandatory their budgeting and accounting system known Municipal Financial Management reforms. Both reforms led substantial...

The existence of a series of problems in transportation management of public and personal vehicles causes to consider intelligent transportation systems. Hence, here we investigate to introduce and the performance of intelligent transportation system ITS which is among new technologies in information technology and at last the importance and necessity of lack of delay in data and informat...