the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of positive normative feedback on acquisition and retention of throwing skill. the method was quasi-experimental and the population consisted of the 5th grade elementary female students. 60 students were randomly selected from the population and were randomly assigned to four different groups: normative task-orientation, non-normative task-ori...

All forms of non-monotonic reasoning so far proposed suffer from a common failing: they are not computationally highly effective, indeed for the most part cannot be carried out even in principle. They inv olve either selfconsistency tests, or general theorem-proving techniques. Here we argue that, in fact, all non-monotonic logics proposed involve a kind of self-referential reasoning, and that ...

traffic events account for about 1,200,000 deaths and more than 50 million injuries annually across the world. research shows that male drivers make up the majority of those who sustain injuries in car accidents. the present research aims to compare psychological factors affecting driving-related crashes of male and female drivers. accordingly, the sample data is collected from 208 crash-involv...

Background and Aims: Present study aimed to compare the individual psychological antecedents of perceived stress (self-efficacy and self-esteem) among the athlete and non-athlete staff in an industrial company. Methods: Statistical society was all persons employed in the company including managers, supervisors, experts and workers; 192 athletes and 208 non-athletes were selected randomly. Data ...