background infections caused by shigella are a major cause of diarrheal disease in the developing and developed countries. the present study was conducted to apply and evaluate arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr) for investigation of genetic relatedness among the strains of shigella sonnei isolated from cases of acute diarrhea in tehran. patients and methods totally, 60 s. sonnei strains isolated f...

A variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) protocol targeting 10 loci in the Brucella abortus genome was used to assess genetic diversity among 366 field isolates recovered from cattle, bison, and elk in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) and Texas during 1998 to 2011. Minimum spanning tree (MST) and unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analyses of VNTR data identified 237 diff...

While cattle in general have been identified as a reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:H7, there are limited data regarding the prevalence and clonality of this pathogen in downer dairy cattle and the potential impact to human health that may occur following consumption of meat derived from downer dairy cattle. In the present study, conducted at two slaughter facilities in Wisconsin between May a...

Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV; genus Foveavirus, family Flexiviridae) is present in many grape-growing regions of the world. A total of 84 full-length coat protein (CP) sequences and 57 sequences representing the helicase-encoding region (HR) of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase were obtained from wine grape cultivars grown in the Pacific North-West (PNW) of the Unite...

Many important high quality cultivars are becoming increasingly susceptible to the scab pathogen. Two such cultivars, 'Stuart' and 'Desirable', comprise over one half of Georgia's total pecan acreage. This increasing susceptibility has often been attributed to the increased prevalence of once rare races of scab that are able to infect these cultivars. Demaree and Cole (1929) were the first to d...

Streptococcus is the leading cause of dental diseases worldwide and is considered to be the most cariogenic of all of the oral bacteria. The total 150 dental plaque sample were collected from Uttranchal dental college and hospital dehradun and different dental clinics of dehradun. Out of 320 isolates recovered prevalence of Streptococcus sp. was 50%. 10 antibiotics were used against the recover...