Developing an effective and impartial grading system for short answers is a challenging problem in educational measurement and assessment, due to the diversity of answers and the subjectivity of graders. In this paper, we design an automatic grading approach for short answers, based on the non-negative semi-supervised document clustering method. After assigning several answer keys, our approach...

Molodstov introduced soft sets to deal with uncertainties and not clear objects. Researchers developed the relationship between soft sets and information systems. Fuzzification of the notions of soft sets and soft topology have been discussed in the literature. In this paper, we define and establish the topological structures of fuzzy soft semi-open sets and fuzzy soft semi-closed sets. We intr...

The aim of this paper is to investigate some properties of pre-I-open sets, semi-I-open sets and b-I-open sets in ideal topological spaces. Some relationships of pre-I-open sets, semi-I-open sets and b-I-open sets in ideal topological spaces are discussed. Moreover, decompositions of continuity are provided. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 54A05, 54A10, 54C08, 54C10.

We report on an on-going research project aimed at increasing the range of translation equivalents which can be automatically discovered by MT systems. The methodology is based on semi-supervised learning of indirect translation strategies from large comparable corpora and their application in run-time to generate novel, previously unseen translation equivalents. This approach is different from...

In this paper, using pre-semi-open L-sets and their inequality, a new notion of PS-compactness is introduced in L-topological spaces, where L is a complete De Morgan algebra. This notion does not depend on the structure of the basis lattice L and L does not need any distributivity.