Policy capacity focuses on the managerial and organizational abilities to inform policy decisions with sound research and analysis, and facilitate policy implementation with operational efficiency. It stems from a view of the policy process that is rational and positivistic, in which optimal policy choices can be identified, selected, and implemented with objectivity. By itself, however, policy...

In 1950, Forsythe and Leibler (1950) introduced a statistical technique for finding the inverse of a matrix by characterizing the elements of the matrix inverse as expected values of a sequence of random walks. Barto and Duff (1994) subsequently showed relations between this technique and standard dynamic programming and temporal differencing methods. The advantage of the Monte Carlo matrix inv...

for the nonlinear analysis of structures using the well known newton-raphson method, the tangent stiffness matrices of the elements must be constructed in each iteration. due to the high expense required to find the exact tangent stiffness matrices, researchers have developed novel innovations into the newton-raphson method to reduce the cost and time required by the analysis. in this paper, a ...

the aim of this research is consider the importance of decision maker level of analysis in the study of foreign policy. this capability created by the regard to the role of man in foreign policy and international relations theories. however, the main research question is whether the decision maker level of analysis will be the theoretical support for the analysis of foreign policy and what are ...

a bstract background: nurses’ infl uence on health policy protects the quality of care by access to required recourses and opportunities.this is a new and important concept for nursing; however, research studies on policy infl uence of nurses in health care sector are lacking a basic conceptual understanding of what this concept represents. the aim of this paper is to clarify the concept of nur...

background despite the significant role “values” play in decision-making no definition or attributes regarding the concept have been provided in health policy-making. this study aimed to clarify the defining attributes of a concept of value and its irrelevant structures in health policy-making. we anticipate our findings will help reduce the semantic ambiguities associated with the use of “valu...

The need to strengthen the field of health policy and systems research has been widely recognized among public health research organizations. This is especially so in the case of Latin America and the Caribbean. Moreover, there is also an increasing interest in the development of new research models with greater capacity to influence policy agendas and health reforms. This publication argues th...