Integrated production-distribution planning (PDP) is one of the most important approaches in supply chain networks. We consider a supply chain network (SCN) to consist of multi suppliers, plants, distribution centers (DCs), and retailers. A bi-objective mixed integer linear programming model for integrating production-distribution designed here aim to simultaneously minimize total net costs in ...

before the start of modern era in iran, opium had a particular importance in daily lives, medicine and, leisure of iranians. this trend even continued up to early years of the twentieth century and iran was a major producer of opium; almost 100 tons annually (karimi;2000). by administrating new tax rules regarding opium production, to determine governmental production and distribution only and ...

In this article, dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied, using computational fluid dynamics. Using MRI images of two special cases, a 2-dimensional model of the ventricular system was made. CSF velocity and pressure distribution in ventricular system have high importance since the flow pattern of this liquid has an important effect on intracranial pressure, i.e., ICP, which has a...

Multicommodity distribution problem is one of the most interesting and useful models in mathematical programming due to its major role in distribution networks. The purpose of this paper is to describe and solve a special class of multicommodity distribution problems in which shipment of a commodity from a plant to a customer would go through different distribution centers. The problem is t...

Multicommodity distribution problem is one of the most interesting and useful models in mathematical programming due to its major role in distribution networks. The purpose of this paper is to describe and solve a special class of multicommodity distribution problems in which shipment of a commodity from a plant to a customer would go through different distribution centers. The problem is t...

the neo- classical school on the situation of the individual and claims that individuals (consumers and producers) meet each in the market. on the supply side, there exists possibility of substitution between factors of production and, on the demand side, substitution by consumers between final goods. in the neo- classical production function capital and labor are taken as the determniants of t...

This study is concerned with how the quality of perishable products can be improved by shortening the time interval between production and distribution. As special types of food such as dairy products decay fast, the integration of production and distribution scheduling (IPDS) is investigated. An integrated scheduling of both processes improves the performance and costs because the separated sc...