today, due to the direct and reverse logistics plays an important role in reducing the costs in supply chain. in this paper, in order to provide a closed-loop supply chain network including supply centers, production, distribution, collection, recycling and disposal of a used linear mixed integer programming. this paper to consider multi-period and multi-product in multi-level supply chain and ...

before the start of modern era in iran, opium had a particular importance in daily lives, medicine and, leisure of iranians. this trend even continued up to early years of the twentieth century and iran was a major producer of opium; almost 100 tons annually (karimi;2000). by administrating new tax rules regarding opium production, to determine governmental production and distribution only and ...

This study is concerned with how the quality of perishable products can be improved by shortening the time interval between production and distribution. As special types of food such as dairy products decay fast, the integration of production and distribution scheduling (IPDS) is investigated. An integrated scheduling of both processes improves the performance and costs because the separated sc...

In this paper, Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) method was simulated by analytical solution. Then the effect of parameters like fiber density, distribution of layer thickness, perform layer thickness, resin viscosity was investigated theoretically. Obtained results show that by selecting optimum distribution layer thickness, increasing fiber volume fraction, reducing viscosity of ...