The background-oriented schlieren (BOS) technique with the physicsbased optical flow method (OF-BOS) is developed for measuring the pressure field of a laser-induced underwater shock wave. Compared to BOS with the conventional cross-correlation method in PIV (called PIV-BOS), by using the OF-BOS, the displacement field generated by the small density gradient in water can be obtained at the spat...

Iran is one of the oil exporting countries, so the oil price plays a remarkable role in the government budget and is a major source of foreign exchange. On the other hand, the reliance of the government budget to oil income as well as its fluctuations is a fact referred to as the most important cause of inflation by many researchers. This paper explores the effect of shocks in the exchange rate...

This study is an attempt to examine the effects of external shocks on macroeconomic variables in selective small open emerging economies in Southeast Asia. A quarterly Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model, including 33 countries, was used throughout 1979–2013. The empirical results showed that the target countries were affected by external shocks, especially the shocks in the U.S, Euro are...

This paper presents a robust finite volume shock-capturing scheme based on the rotated approximate Riemann solver. A general framework for constructing the rotated Riemann solver is described and a rotated Roe scheme is discussed in detail. It is found that the robustness of the rotated shock-capturing scheme is closely related to the way in which the direction of upwind differencing is determi...

The U.S. shale revolution, using new technologies to extract crude oil, has led dynamics in the supply side of global oil market. We ask whether revolution dampened role geopolitical risk price volatility. extend a reduced form Structural Break Threshold Vector Autoregressive (SBT-VAR) model structural SBT-VAR and identify innovations by allowing conditional heteroskedasticity. Compared with co...

the main objective of this study was to evaluate the response of consumers to changes in income and prices of chicken meat in the short run and long run. in order to achieve this goal, vector auto regression (var) and vector error correction model (vecm) have been applied to data since 1974 to 2007. impulse response function (irf) calculation indicated that past and present consumption of chick...

Conventional structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) models with Gaussian errors are not identified, and additional identifying restrictions are typically imposed in applied work. We show that the Gaussian case is an exception in that a SVAR model whose error vector consists of independent non-Gaussian components is, without any additional restrictions, identified and leads to (essentially) uni...