As the population of satellites and other orbital objects in the space environment increases, the potential for collisions and orbital debris formation does as well. Existing sensors observe much of the night sky, gathering various sorts of data, but no space actor has full coverage of the orbital space environment. Although some nations have data-sharing agreements, not all exchanged data is r...

At the same time when outer space activities become increasingly important to states, the room for actions and new actors tends to get smaller and the risk that outer space becomes inaccessible is rising. Decisionmakers have recently taken the topic of space sustainability on their agenda, investigating policies to coordinate future actions. Nevertheless, they are ignoring the danger that alrea...

The Virtual SpacePlane (VSP) is a realistic prototype of the Manned SpacePlane (MSP) and simulates a number of the MSP missions in a realistic manner. To increase the realism of the space environment and space mission planning, we inserted a portrayal of space weather into the VSP’s virtual environment. In this paper we present background on the VSP project, space weather, and describe the requ...

The spatial inequality of the environment arises as a planning problem when the spatial structure of the different districts of a city is distinctly different; Differences that require different programming solutions for different regions and meeting the objective of creating spatial equality in a city. Nobahar and Vaki-Agha are two districts with unequal urban space located in north and south ...

Living space is a place of relaxation, and those with a sense of attachment to the environment are more satisfied with their living space. According to the literature, being in nature is very effective in creating positive emotions in people. In recent years, living in apartments has made people away from nature affecting their positive feelings about their living space. This study aimed to inv...

In this paper, a new method was proposed for the navigation of a mobile robot in an unknown dynamic environment. The robot could detect only a limited radius of its surrounding with its sensors and it went on the shortest null space (SNS) toward the goal. In the case of no obstacle, SNS was a direct path from the robot to goal; however, in the presence of obstacles, SNS was a space around the r...