The current literature on test equating generally defines it as the process necessary to obtain score comparability between different forms. definition is in contrast with Lord’s foundational paper which viewed required of measurement scale distinction notions and not trivial. difference explained by connecting these standard statistical concepts probability experiment, sample space, random var...

A propensity score is the probability that a participant is assigned to the treatment group based on a set of baseline covariates. Propensity scores provide an excellent basis for equating treatment groups on a large set of covariates when randomization is not possible. This article provides a nontechnical introduction to propensity scores for clinical researchers. If all important covariates a...

Email [email protected] Abstract Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are playing an increasingly important role in higher education around the world, but despite their popularity, the measurement of student learning in these courses is hampered by cheating and other problems that lead to unfair evaluation of student learning. In this paper, we describe a framework for maintaining test securi...

The aim of this research is to know how the effect Quizizz application on students’ vocabulary mastery at 7th grade SMPN 6 Bekasi. This method uses an experimental design. sample all students VII-G and VII-H data was obtained by conducting a post-test students. results attached t-test table, it known that value Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.5. By equating score class with control class, greater than c...