Transnational trade usage is the most important source of international commercial law which is based on the course of conduct and practices. Despite the acceptance and application of trade usage in commercial relations, there are some ambiguities regarding its nature, identification and its binding force as a legal rule in national courts procedure. Lack of an international legislative body i...

One of the common ways of transfer of commercial documents, ownership (bill of exchange, promissory notes and cheque) is endorsement. If the endorsement is subject to Commercial Code, it is considered a commercial endorsement. And if it is out of the scope of this Code, it should be regarded a normal and on the basis of request (claim) transfer. The question that arise here are “how long are th...

The general legal rule in fulfilling the obligation is to fulfill the whole subject of the obligation in due time. According to Article 277 of the civil code {the obligor can not force the obligee to accept part of the subject of the promise…}. Now the question is whether this rule also applies in payment of bill of exchange،promissory note and check or not? and are the same provisions of Iran’...

educational researchers have provided evidence that teachers’ emotional intelligence has strong effects on various aspects of teaching and learning. yet, in the field of teaching english to speakers of other languages (tesol), inquiry into teachers’ emotional intelligence is nearly limited. given its documented powerful impact on teaching practices and student learning, it is critical to pursue...

this research study aimed to investigate the relationship between field-dependence/independence cognitive style and vocabulary learning strategies among iranian efl learners. ninety participants majoring in english translation at arak university were chosen. the participants were classified into two groups of field-dependent and independent based on the results of group embedded figure test (ge...

abstract: the present study was undertaken to investigate whether 1) there is any significant correlation between iranian efl/eap learners’ l2 writing proficiency and their willingness to communicate, 2) there is any significant difference between efl and eap learners in terms of willingness to communicate, 3) there is any significant difference in wtc of iranian efl/eap learners with 1- nati...

this study investigated the effects of planning on second-language written production with regard to task type. the participants were 75 iranian learners of english as a foreign language attending a private foreign language institution. they were asked to complete two different types of writing tasks (expository writing task and argumentative writing task) in different planned conditions (indiv...

nothing affects learners more than assessment, so it is important to involve them in assessment process. involvment of learners in assessment helps them to become autonoumos learners. despite this importance iranian learners specialy javanroodian ones are not activily involved in the process. hence the aim of this thesis is to invesrtigate thier ability in th eassessment process