Safety and reliability of a railway system primarily depends on the soundness of the critical components and their freedom from defects. With increased rail traffic carrying heavier loads at higher speeds, a quicker more efficient way of inspecting rails at manufacturing stage is now mandatory. At Jindal Steel and Power Ltd., India, a highly reliable and effective flaw detection method has been...

The closer a line extends toward a surrounding frame, the longer it appears. This is known as a framing effect. Over 70 years ago, Teodor Künnapas demonstrated that the shape of the visual field itself can act as a frame to influence the perceived length of lines in the vertical-horizontal illusion. This illusion is typically created by having a vertical line rise from the center of a horizonta...

In many species of salamanders, pigment cells derived from the neural crest give rise to a horizontal stripe pattern in hatchling larvae. A defining element of these horizontal stripe patterns is a region over the middle of the myotomes that is relatively free of melanophores. This study shows that formation of a "melanophore-free region" and horizontal stripe pattern in Ambystoma tigrinum tigr...

Three experiments examined anisotropies of tolerance of perceptual completion at the blind spot when a pair of line segments was presented on opposite sides of the blind spot. The tolerance of perceptual completion is defined as the maximum difference in a stimulus attribute between the line segments on opposite sides of the blind spot when perceptual completion of a line has occurred. The misa...

Convex hull of some given points is the intersection of all convex sets containing them. It is used as primary structure in many other problems in computational geometry and other areas like image processing, model identification, geographical data systems, and triangular computation of a set of points and so on. Computing the convex hull of a set of point is one of the most fundamental and imp...