Background The catalysis of reactions with organic molecules void of transition metals has lately assumed a prominent role in asymmetric synthesis. Among different catalysts, proline, an abundant, inexpensive amino acid available in both enantiomeric forms, has emerged as arguably the most practical and versatile. The simultaneous presence of a carboxylic acid and amine bestows a unique bifunct...

conscientious refusal. However, the fact that there is a non-zero probability of something immoral happening is not all we can know about a given situation, and certainly not all the conscientiously-objecting pharmacist can know about the use of EC. We can know that the immoral thing is more or less likely to occur — often our approximation will be considerably more specific than merely non-zer...

Agents that give rise to skin color are skin thickness, the skin’s light refraction and absorption properties, vascular status, levels of oxidized and reduced hemoglobin, carotenoid content and, most importantly, the pigment melanin. Melanocytes, cells responsible for pigment formation, are present in the basal layer. Melanocytes are most concentrated in the central part of the face and most sp...

the question of whether architectural creativity is more of an artistic or engineering nature is one with a long history but also one with no conclusive answer. the art camp would argue that technology should be treated as a means towards and end, and that technology alone cannot give meaning to our lives. the engineering camp on the other hand would argue that good problem-solving results in b...

during medical training, students obtain enough skills and knowledge. however, medical ethics accomplishes its goals when, together with training medical courses, it guides students behavior towards morality so that ethics-oriented medical practice is internalized. medical ethics is a branch of applied ethics which tries to introduce ethics into physicians’ practice and ethical decisions; thus,...

In this research paper, the need and importance of Western thinkers emerging types moral philosophy is to be presented as a review resulting effects results are described in style.The will narrative,from literature, it known that since world came into existence. Humans have always distinguished between good evil. present age, when man has advanced immensely knowledge every aspect life being inv...