introduction: retreatment is performed in teeth with unsuccessful root canal therapy or persistent apical lesion. the most important factor for achieving successful retreatment is thorough cleaning and reshaping. niti files and rotary instruments are widely used for the removal of obturatants. this study compared the ability of mtwo and d-race retreatment systems to remove residual gutta-percha...

although there is evidence that vitamin d deficiency leads to the development of several cancers, including colorectal cancer, research has shown gaps in establishing a relationship between hypovitaminosis d and the incidence of colorectal cancer. there are controversial reports and inadequate scientific evidence about the role of age and race-specific dosage of vitamin d supplementation for ch...

introduction: the aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of d-race, protaper retreatment kit and hand h-files in removal of obturating materials (om) from the curved root canals using cone-beam computed tomography (cbct). materials and methods: sixty extracted molars were prepared and obturated. the samples were divided into three groups ( n =20). in each group the om wa...

PURPOSE To characterize refractive errors in Paraguayan children aged 5-16 years and investigate effect of age, gender, and ethnicity. METHODS The study was conducted at 3 schools that catered to Mennonite, indigenous, and mixed race children. Children were examined for presenting visual acuity, autorefraction with and without cycloplegia, and retinoscopy. Data were analyzed for myopia and hy...