The density fluctuation of Geodesic Acoustic Mode (GAM) zonal flow has been observed in Ohmic deuterium plasma discharges with Langmuir probe arrays on the HL-2A tokamak. The density fluctuation has the poloidal mode number m < 1 and toroidal mode number n ~ 0. Its amplitude is consistent with theoretic prediction as well. Bispectral analysis shows that the nonlinear interaction between the GAM...

Experimental investigations has elucidated on the complex dynamics of the low to high (L-H) plasma confinement mode transition. Evidence of interactions between the the turbulence driven E⃗ × B⃗ zonal flow oscillation or Geodesic Acoustic Mode (GAM) [1], turbulence and the mean equilibrium flows during this transition was found. Furthermore, periodic modulation of flow and turbulence level with t...

A new robust clustering algorithm, called generalized annealing M-estimator (GAM-estimator), is proposed. Initialized with multiple seeds, the GAM-estimator converges to several optimal cluster centers. Neither knowledge about the number of clusters nor scale is needed. The global optimal solution of clustering is achieved by minimization of an objective function. The algorithm is applied to un...

The synchronization of geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) and magnetic fluctuations is identified in the edge plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak. Mesoscale electric fluctuations (MSEFs) having components of a dominant GAM, and m/n=6/2 potential fluctuations are found at the same frequency as that of the magnetic fluctuations of m/n=6/2 (m and n are poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively). The t...

Gallium maltolate, tris(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-onato)gallium (GaM), is an orally active gallium compound for therapeutic use. It is moderately soluble in water (10.7 +/- 0.9 mg/mL at 25 composite functionC) with an octanol partition coefficient of 0.41+/-0.08. The molecule is electrically neutral in aqueous solution at neutral pH; a dilute aqueous solution (2.5 x10-(-5) M) showed little ...