STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis of 1078 spinal surgical procedures with lumbar pedicle screw placement at a single institution. OBJECTIVE Based on previously established normative values, triggered electromyographic stimulation (TrgEMG) was re-examined to evaluate its efficacy in determining screw malposition. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Threshold values for confirmation of intraosseou...

The enzymatic transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by purified XenB, an NADPH-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas fluorescens I-C, was evaluated by using natural abundance and [U-(14)C]TNT preparations. XenB catalyzed the reduction of TNT either by hydride addition to the aromatic ring or by nitro group reduction, with the accumulation of various tautomers of the pro...