although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...

Specificity of physical exercises is one of the main factors which could affect musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this research is to make a comparison about postural abnormalities of the spine and lower limbs between female taekwondo athletes and non-athletes. Samples of current research were 50 female black-belt taekwondo athletes and 50 non-athletes. To measure kyphosis and lordosis, fl...

The purpose of this study was to compare A and B personality types based on the motivation of participating in sports activities in athletic and non-athlete girls. One hundred students from Alzahra University were selected randomly in two groups of physical education (50 students) and non-physical education (50 students) in the academic year 1395-96 to conduct this study. The research method wa...

hydrochlorothiazide (hct) is a diuretic agent which is shown to be effective in the treatment of hypertension. literature reports have demonstrated that urinary excretion data may be used to assess the bioavailability of various formulations containing this thiazide. also hct consumption by the athletes is one of the drugs which should be regulated by world anti-doping agency (wada), because of...

Background & Aims: Ghrelin is appetite hormone that has several functions. In recent years the role of ghrelin in bone mass density has been noticed by some investigators. According to the importance of bone mass density in elderly age and importance of physical activity in improving bone mass, this study aimed to investigate the amount of ghrelin and bone mass density and their relationsh...

abstract amino acids are building blocks of proteins, and play a vital role in living beings existence and their functionality. the interaction of these compounds with metal ions is of great importance to biochemists, and chemists, because their functions can be utilized as a model in understanding enzymes mechanism for transport of metal ions to tissues. among twenty essential amino acids w...