introduction: constipation is one of the most common complaints of individuals, which may present with complication like hemorrhoid and fissure. hirschsprung is a disease presenting with chronic constipation and its diagnosis may be delayed until adulthood. it is diagnosed by biopsies from anorectal transitional zone. this study aimed to evaluate the association between hirschsprung and anorect...

Introduction: Constipation is one of the most common complaints of individuals, which may present with complication like hemorrhoid and fissure. Hirschsprung is a disease presenting with chronic constipation and its diagnosis may be delayed until adulthood. It is diagnosed by biopsies from anorectal transitional zone. This study aimed to evaluate the association between Hirschsprung and anorect...

the term ultra short is not clearly defined in ultrashort-segment hirschsprung’s disease. the limited extent of the ultrashort-segment hirschsprung’s disease allows for treatment with extended sphincteromyectomy. in anal sphincter achalasia, anal sphincter dilatation under general anesthesia may be sufficient to treat the condition; in cases with persistent constipation, sphincteromyectomy is i...

objective(s): the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of chloride channel protein 2 (clc-2) in glutamate-induced apoptosis in the retinal ganglion cell line (rgc-5). materials and methods: rgc-5 cells were treated with 1 mm glutamate for 24 hr. the expression of clc-2, bax, and bcl-2 was detected by western blot analysis. cell survival and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethy...

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to convert to different types of cells and after dividing, they can produce their own cells or other cells. Axons of the retinal ganglion cells, from the optic nerve. These cells lose the ability to regenerate themselves before birth. Optic nerve degeneration can result from various causes including increased intraocular pressure, comp...

Glaucoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Despite tremendous advances in medical and surgical management of glaucoma in the recent years, the prevalence of glaucoma related blindness is anticipated to increase in the future decades because of the aging population. Stem cells have the potential to change the glaucoma management in several ways. There are several areas of ...

glaucoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. despite tremendous advances in medical and surgical management of glaucoma in the recent years, the prevalence of glaucoma related blindness is anticipated to increase in the future decades because of the aging population. stem cells have the potential to change the glaucoma management in several ways. there are several areas of ...

THE blockade of the ganglion impar, a single ganglion converged by the caudal ends of the two sympathetic trunks, has been described to relieve the intractable perineal pain of sympathetic origin in patients with rectal, anal, colon, bladder, or cervical cancer. The success rate of this method depends on the anatomical variability of the location of the ganglion, but its location has been varia...