in this study species richness of earthworms in the central elburz mountains is reported for the first time based on samples collected from 33 localities along the haraz and chalus rivers. twelve species were identified representing seven genera from family lumbricidae (rafinesque-schmaltz 1815): aporrectodea caliginosa (savigny 1826), a. rosea (savigny 1826), a. jassyensis (michaelsen 1891), d...

iran has mountainous landscapes and half of its surface is occupied by highlands. moreover, iran is an arid country and deserts are located at lower altitudes. most metropolitan areas are positioned in mid-altitudes between mountain and desert. cities grow upwardly toward the highlands under pressures of urbanization and desertification. foothill ecotones are a zone between upland mountains and...

Iran has mountainous landscapes and half of its surface is occupied by highlands. Moreover, Iran is an arid country and deserts are located at lower altitudes. Most metropolitan areas are positioned in mid-altitudes between mountain and desert. Cities grow upwardly toward the highlands under pressures of urbanization and desertification. Foothill ecotones are a zone between upland mountains and...

Iran has mountainous landscapes and half of its surface is occupied by highlands. Moreover, Iran is an arid country and deserts are located at lower altitudes. Most metropolitan areas are positioned in mid-altitudes between mountain and desert. Cities grow upwardly toward the highlands under pressures of urbanization and desertification. Foothill ecotones are a zone between upland mountains and...

Forest type maps play a significant role in sustainable forest management. For many years aerial photos and satellite data were a primary data source supporting forest type mapping. Recent developments in remote sensing provide opportunities to further enhance forest type maps by introducing variations of spectral, biochemical and biophysical properties at various scales. A structural sampling ...