Skin infection caused by Tricophyton rubrum and some opportunistic fungi such as Candida. Albicance and Aspergillus. fumigatus occur in various parts of the body and sometimes are difficult to be treated. Antifungal effects of spherical silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) were investigated in this study. Although silver nanoparticle has long been used as effective inorganic antifungal agent; the ant...

This paper deals with the study of the exchange of messages among a set of processors linked through an interconnection network. We focus on general, non-uniform versions of message exchange problems in asynchronous systems with a linear cost model and messages of arbitrary sizes. We extend previous complexity results to show that the general asynchronous problems are NP-complete. We present se...

We consider two notions describing how one finite graph may be larger than another. Using them, we prove several theorems for such pairs that compare the number of spanning trees, the return probabilities of random walks, and the number of independent sets, among other combinatorial quantities. Our methods involve inequalities for determinants, for traces of functions of operators, and for entr...

We extend the notion of parking functions to parking sequences, which include cars of different sizes, and prove a product formula for the number of such sequences. 1 The result. Parking functions were first introduced by Konheim and Weiss [5]. The original concept was that of a linear parking lot with n available spaces, and n cars with a stated parking preference. Each car would, in order, at...

We generalize [5] and introduce structures with pistes which may have different number of models in every cardinality. 1 Structures with pistes–general setting. Assume GCH. As in [5], the first part (1.1) describes this ”linear” part of conditions in the main forcing. It is called a wide piste and incorporates together elementary chains of models of different cardinalities. The main forcing, de...

To understand the biodiversity of an ecosystem cannot be understood by solely analyzing pair relations competing species. Instead, we should consider multi-point interactions because presence a third party could change original microscopic outcome significantly. In this way alliance may emerge where species, who have biased otherwise, can protect each other from external invader. Such formed tw...