not long ago, city gates and entryways had high spatial value and were among the landmarks for marking city boundaries. today with cities having been expanded and developed, such aspect of the entrance concept is lost and entryways are turned to passages for transportation. in fact, the rich spatial value of such entrances has decreased as they are solely spaces for passing through out or into ...

Due to rapid growth of urbanization and economic demand, we are continuously losing our fields,our free lands, open sky, ponds, lakes; actually our breathing spaces. Sometimes for zoning policies, migration ortransferal of a particular business or activity, a place like waterfronts, body of water, military or industrial sites can lostits importance, kept vacant and become a dead place. These ar...

in traditional bazaars social interactions, parallel to economic and movement interactions, created a mixed urban space which was dynamic, lively and attractive to the audience. however, modern shopping centers and shopping malls are economy focused and void of variety of urban spaces like traditional bazaars. the presence of public open spaces and urban squares undetectable from traditional ba...

the study of design and formation of urban space focuses on interaction of human and environment. this is an attractive subject that considers as interdisciplinary debates. thinkers of urban studies pay attention to this matter empirically and theoretically in order to provide a desirable space for human being. this research is based on the theories of urban studies and urban sociology and so o...

examining the planning of cemeteries in the urbanism system of iran does not show a goodcondition. in fact, cemeteries in the most persian cities have become large-scale open spaces outside the city. this couldcause irreparable damage to the cities because of the partial and/or improper use of the capacity of urban lands. alongwith this, historical cemeteries within the cities have been abandon...