In this work, we shall present some novel process to measure the similarity between picture fuzzy sets. Firstly, we adopt the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets and picture fuzzy sets. Secondly, we develop some similarity measures between picture fuzzy sets, such as, cosine similarity measure, weighted cosine similarity measure, set-theoretic similar...

The design of a neural network is presented for the recognition of six kinds of minerals (chalcopyrite, chalcosine, covelline, bornite, pyrite, and energite) and to determine the percentage of these minerals from a digitized image of a rock sample. The input to the neural network corresponds to the histogram of the region of interest selected by the user from the image that it is desired to rec...

The purpose of this study is to determine geochemical anomalies on lithogeochemical data from Ardestan area, Central Iran, using concentration-number (C-N) fractal modeling and staged factor analysis. Staged factor analysis is used to the recognition of genetic correlation and elimination of non-indicator elements in three steps. Factor scores of elements were calculated and geochemical data cl...

Introduction: The Mars Express OMEGA imaging spectrometer recently identified clay minerals (nontronite and montmorillonite) in several outcrops of Noachian age [1]. Clay minerals usually result from long term alteration of primary minerals by liquid water and on Earth are usually the products of weathering processes. The presence of clay minerals suggests a primary environment completely diffe...

Over the past decade, sales of Fair Trade agro-products have risen sharply, fuelled by innovative marketing campaigns that use imagery to ‘connect’ Western consumers to impoverished farmers in developing countries. The success of Fair Trade has led to speculation over whether its portfolio could be broadened to include non-agricultural products, a debate which, in recent years, has focused heav...