Background: The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine that produced principally by monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes, respectively. TNFα is recognized as the primary mediator of immunity in inflammation reaction.  One important application of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) is for the treatment of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<br /...

cow’s milk whey consists of many protein components and some of them are antigens to human and known to modulate immune responses. enzymatic hydrolysis is a useful method to modify proteins with allergenicity. the objective of this study was to identify whether the in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis could reduce the allergenicity of whey protein concentrates (wpc). in  this study, wpc were hydrolyze...

Precision therapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) requires molecular biomarkers ascertaining disease prognosis. In this study, we performed integrated proteomic and transcriptomic screening in all four tumour-node-metastasis stages of ccRCC and adjacent normal tissues (n = 18) to investigate differentially expressed genes. Most identified differentially expressed genes revealed a st...

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary disease occurring in humans and dogs. It is characterized by extremely fragile bones and teeth. Most human and some canine OI cases are caused by mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes encoding the subunits of collagen I. Recently, mutations in the CRTAP and LEPRE1 genes were found to cause some rare forms of human OI. Many OI cases exist where the...

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder causing defects in the development of collagen type I. Clinical signs of affected dachshunds include multiple fractures of bones, joint hyperlaxity and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Recently, a recessive mutation in the SERPINH1 gene was detected in dachshunds and enabled the development of a DNA test to identify dachshunds carrying the mutation. ...

Background: Rabies virus (RABV) is a deadly neurotropic virus that causes the disease of rabies in humans and animals. L protein is one of the large structural protein of rabies virus, which displays multiple enzymatic activities, and is required for viral transcription and replication. Objectives: A truncated L protein of Rabies virus is being cloned, expressed and purified to produce relevant...

background: leptin and adiponectin are the two key metabolic hormones secreted from adipocytes to control food intake and energy expenditure. the action of both hormones in regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) secretion from the hypothalamus is mediated through kisspeptins. kisspeptins are products of kiss-1 gene. leptin and adiponectin are modulators of kiss-1 expression in the ...