abstract this paper discusses several commonly used models for strategic marketing¹ including market environmental analysis methods (i.e. swot and pest analysis) and strategic marketing tools and techniques (i.e. boston matrix and shell directional policy matrix)and shows how these models may help a firm to achieve its strategic goals. at first, the main reason for doing this research is de...

according to webster and wind (1972) and anderson et al (1987), “organizational buying is a complex process and involves many people from different functional areas, multiple goals and potentially conflicting decision criteria. moreover, the customers of today are also more knowledgeable and selective when making their purchasing decisions. since a key to organizational survival is the retentio...

over the past decades a number of approaches have been applied for forecasting mortality. in 1992, a new method for long-run forecast of the level and age pattern of mortality was published by lee and carter. this method was welcomed by many authors so it was extended through a wider class of generalized, parametric and nonlinear model. this model represents one of the most influential recent d...

اگرکیفیت معلم کلاس برای بهبودیادگیری دانش آموزحیاتی است،پس کیفیت اساتیددانشجو-معلمان، یابه عبارتی معلمین معلمان نیزبرای پیشرفت آموزش بسیارمهم واساسی است.ناگفته پیداست که یک سیستم مناسب آموزش معلمان ،معلمین با کیفیتی را تربیت خواهدکرد.که این کار منجربه داشتن مدارس خوب، ودرنتیجه نیروی کارماهرتروشهروندبهتربرای جامعه خواهدشد. اساتیددانشجو-معلمان نقشی بسیارمهم را در سیستم اموزش معلمان درسراسرجهان ای...