Environmental stresses are ubiquitous and unavoidable to all living things. Organisms respond and adapt to stresses through defined regulatory mechanisms that drive changes in gene expression, organismal morphology, or physiology. Immune responses illustrate adaptation to bacterial and viral biotic stresses in animals. Dysregulation of the genotoxic stress response system is frequently associat...

Flicker adaptation reduces subsequent temporal contrast sensitivity. Recent studies show that this adaptation likely results from neural changes in the magnocellular visual pathway, but whether this adaptation occurs at a monocular or a binocular level, or both, is unclear. Here, two experiments address this question. The first experiment exploits the observation that flicker adaptation is stro...

The seamless access to rich multimedia content on any device and over any network, usually known as Universal Multimedia Access, requires interoperable description tools and adaptation techniques to be developed. To address this, MPEG-21 introduces an adaptation framework, which provides several mechanisms for making adaptation decisions according to usage environment and adapting multimedia co...

The visual environment changes at multiple timescales. It has been recently demonstrated that visual adaptation is composed of multiple mechanisms operating at differing timescales to accommodate the environmental changes. However, whether multiple adaptation mechanisms correspond to different stages of visual processing remains unclear. To address this issue, in the current study, we compared ...

Although lot streaming scheduling is an active research field, lot streaming flexible flow lines problems have received far less attention than classical flow shops. This paper deals with scheduling jobs in lot streaming flexible flow line problems. The paper mathematically formulates the problem by a mixed integer linear programming model. This model solves small instances to optimality. Moreo...

objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between defense mechanisms and adaptation strategies on psychological well-being of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in shiraz.   method: the design  was  a correlative study. samples of 80 patients aged 18 to 40 years, at least primary school level and also in the final stages of life were selected. this study...

MECHANISMS OF PANCREATIC ADAPTATION , MOLECULAR REGULATION OF PANCREATIC ADAPTATION . Dietary changes and molecular adaptation . Peptides and molecular adaptation . BILIARY SECRETION A N D DIETARY FAT . BILE RESPONSE TO DIETARY FAT . Bile salts . Biliary phospholipids . Biliary cholesterol. . Relative proportions of biliary lipids : saturation of bile with cholesterol MECHANISMS OF BILE RESPONS...

Psychophysical experiments show that adaptation induced tilt aftereffect gets modulated under controlled conditions of attention. The underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are unknown. Here using a population model of primary visual cortex having detailed intrinsic and synaptic mechanisms we model orientation adaptation and the effect of attention. We report that increased attention to orien...

Interaction between the quality of the environment and the health of the exposed population determines the survival response of living organisms. The phenomenon of induced tolerance by exposure to threshold levels of stressors to stimulate natural defense mechanisms has potential therapeutic value. The paucity of information on predictability of individual response and information on the operat...