The minimization of life cycle costs for building materials and operational energy consumption of a reference commercial office building model is achieved through the optimization of envelope design parameters by the use of integrated energy simulation and multi-dimensional numerical optimization techniques. The whole-building energy simulation program EnergyPlus v6.0 is coupled with GenOpt v3....

The Haemophilia Utilization Group Study (HUGS) was created 10 years ago to examine the annual utilization and cost of haemophilia-related healthcare services. Retrospective chart reviews for 336 patients with haemophilia A receiving treatment in one of five comprehensive haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) during 1995 were completed through interview of the provider. This method provided adequ...

BACKGROUND Adherence interventions in psychotic disorders have produced mixed results. Even when an intervention improved adherence, benefits to patients were unclear. Treatment Adherence Therapy (TAT) also improved adherence relative to Treatment As Usual (TAU), but it had no effects on symptoms or quality of life. TAT may or may not reduce healthcare costs. AIM To determine whether TAT redu...

This paper proposes a novel facility location model for health service network design by considering different key elements including the reliability aspects, service capacity, congestion, service quality, surrounding public infrastructures, geographical accessibility and several types of cost such as investment, transportation and operational costs. We formulate the problem as a robust scenari...

In this article, a finite horizon, multi product and multi period economic order quantity like seasonal items is considered where demand rate is deterministic and known but variable in each period. The order quantities of items come in batch sizes and the end of the period order quantity and, consequently, demand of customers are zero. In addition, storage space is constrained and the problem...

BACKGROUND In preparation for implementation of a central water processing system at a dental department, we analyzed the costs of conventional decentralized disinfection of dental units against a central water treatment concept based on electrochemical disinfection. METHODS The cost evaluation included only the costs of annually required antimicrobial consumables and additional water usage o...

Objective: The study compared the relative cost differences of similar orphan drugs among high and low GDP countries in Europe: Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, UK. Methods: Annual treatment costs per patient were calculated. Relative costs were computed by dividing the costs by each economic parameter: nominal GDP per capita, GDP in PPP...

Background                                               Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common, yet curable childhood malignancy within the pediatric cancers; but in most developed and developing countries cost of cancer treatment in children with ALL is high. So, we specified the range of expenses for the treatment of pediatric cancer and compared the results in devel...

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) places a major burden on health care systems and has substantial economic effects; however, the cost of stable disease in Greece has never been thoroughly explored. The objective of the study was to estimate the annual COPD patient cost during the maintenance phase and explore the relationships between the cost and disease severity. Me...

OBJECTIVES Dizziness and vertigo account for roughly 4% of chief symptoms in the emergency department (ED). Little is known about the aggregate costs of ED evaluations for these patients. The authors sought to estimate the annual national costs associated with ED visits for dizziness. METHODS This cost study of adult U.S. ED visits presenting with dizziness or vertigo combined public-use ED v...