Plants can influence the level of herbivory experienced by neighboring plants. The importance such belowground associational effects are poorly understood. In this study we examine whether Jacobaea vulgaris provides resistance against nematodes to Thirteen species (6 forbs, 3 grasses and 4 legumes) were each grown in mixtures with J. monocultures. A nematode community was introduced half pots. ...

South America's Tri-national Paraná Atlantic Forest, an ecological region spanning across the nations of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, is one most diverse in world but also vulnerable to deforestation. A review public policy interventions shows all three governments have taken major legislative steps protect remaining forests, studies evaluating deforestation trends associated factors this ar...

Stress affects the hippocampus, a brain region crucial for memory. In rodents, acute stress may reduce density of dendritic spines, the location of postsynaptic elements of excitatory synapses, and impair long-term potentiation and memory. Steroid stress hormones and neurotransmitters have been implicated in the underlying mechanisms, but the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a hyp...

Social interactions increasingly take place online. Friendships and other offline social ties have been repeatedly associated with human longevity, but online interactions might have different properties. Here, we reference 12 million social media profiles against California Department of Public Health vital records and use longitudinal statistical models to assess whether social media use is a...

Peripheral nerve injury elicits plastic changes in the cortex, resulting in reorganization of the somatotopic representation maps. These processes begin within minutes after nerve injury, and last for weeks. Although the mechanisms leading to these plastic changes are not known in a detail, a number of results suggest that the key element in the starting of these processes is a decrease in the ...

A single mossy fiber input contains several release sites and is located on the proximal portion of the apical dendrite of CA3 neurons. It is, therefore, well suited to exert a strong influence on pyramidal cell excitability. Accordingly, the mossy fiber synapse has been referred to as a detonator or teacher synapse in autoassociative network models of the hippocampus. The very low firing rates...