human development index (hdi) is a composite indicator that can show the impact of economic strategies on human life standards. the index is calculated by three main factors of income, education and health. this research studies the status of hdi across the iranian provinces, its changes over time and the efficiency of provinces in using resources.the data for 2001 and 2009 was obtained from th...

We address crystal nucleation and fcc-bcc phase selection in alloys using a multiphase field model that relies on Ginzburg-Landau free energies of the liquid-fcc, liquid-bcc, and fcc-bcc subsystems, and determine the properties of the nuclei as a function of composition, temperature, and structure. With a realistic choice for the free energy of the fcc-bcc interface, the model predicts well the...

Recently, a mixed integer data envelopment analysis (DEA) model has been proposed to find the most BCC-efficient (or the best) decision making unit (DMU) by Toloo (2012). This paper shows that the model may be infeasible in some cases, and when the model is feasible, it may fail to identify the most efficient DMU, correctly. We develop an improved model to find the most BCC-efficient DMU that r...

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) bacteria possess biotechnologically useful properties that contrast with their opportunistic pathogenicity. The rhizosphere fitness of Bcc bacteria is central to their biocontrol and bioremediation activities. However, it is not known whether this differs between species or between environmental and clinical strains. We investigated the ability of 26 Bcc strai...

The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) is a widely employed technique for the characterization of ferromagnetic thin films. However, a quantitative analysis is usually hampered by the lacking knowledge of precise magneto-optical parameters. We report the thickness dependence (0–60 nm) of the linear and quadratic MOKE in epitaxial bcc-Fe(001) samples and extract a complete set of parameters for ...

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human tumor. Mutations in the hedgehog (HH) receptor Patched (PTCH) are the main cause of BCC. Due to their high and increasing incidence, BCC are becoming all the more important for the health care system. Adequate animal models are required for the improvement of current treatment strategies. A good model should reflect the situation in humans (i....

A perturbation theory is used to calculate bcc solid-liquid interfacial free energies of metallic systems with embedded-atom model potentials. As a reference system for bcc crystals we used a single-occupancy cell, hard-sphere bcc system. Good agreements between the perturbation theory results and the corresponding results from simulations are found. The strategy to extract hard-sphere bcc soli...

In this paper we consider radial DEA models without inputs (or without outputs), and radial DEA models with a single constant input (or with a single constant output). We demonstrate that (i) a CCR model without inputs (or without outputs) is meaningless; (ii) a CCR model with a single constant input (or with a single constant output) coincides with the corresponding BCC model; (iii) a BCC mode...

Burkholderia is an important bacterial genus with a complex taxonomy that contains species of both ecological and pathogenic importance, including nine closely related species collectively termed the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC). In order to more thoroughly investigate the virulence of this bacterial complex of microorganisms, alternative infection models would be useful. To this end, we ...

Abstract: The radial measures of classical DEA models (CCR, BCC) are incomplete, they are only separate measures of input and output efficiency and their efficiency index omit the non-zero input and output slacks. Enhanced Russell graph measure (ERM) eliminates these deficiencies. All of the existing fuzzy DEA models are extension of CCR or BCC model, efficiencies of DMUs, ultimately, are solut...