BACKGROUND AND AIM: Beauty standards are related to race and change over time with cultural changes. The criteria obtained for a specific race cannot be used as treatment planning criteria for other races and societies. It seems that no thorough study has been carried out in Iranian context to determine the acceptability of these standards. In this study, the desired nasolabial (NL), nasofronta...

background nowadays, with the help of cosmetic surgery almost every woman and man can achieve a highly attractive appearance. the question is, why so many people do not take advantage of these opportunities? this pilot-study investigates individual attitudes of people towards aesthetic plastic surgery. methods a questionnaire was developed which combined self-developed items for a measurement o...

cosmestic surgery has been become one of the common forms of the regular management of body in today's world. with an exploratory and analytical description of constructed meanings of cosmetic surgery, this research tends to find out why sanandejian’s women have cosmetic surgery and what this context and implication, functions, and consequences act have had. according to the nature of the ...

The search for beauty and its value has been a discussion topic since the ancient Greeks composed their myths. The advent of safer and more advanced modern plastic surgery techniques and the spread of aesthetic medicine have renewed the search for beauty. Today, beauty seems possible, accessible, and more demo­ cratic than ever before [1]. To be beautiful is going to become an imperative, and f...

Two biases affect the idea of beauty often embodied in aesthetic surgery. The first one is that the living body is the sum of different parts; the second one claims that beauty results from the sum of beautiful elements. Taken together, these 2 biases explain most of the aesthetic surgery procedures, in which a localized improvement is supposed to impact on the whole body image. In this article...

The tendency toward beauty is natural and common among all human beings. However, today, the tendency toward beauty, as a social phenomenon, has reached the stage of vanity and showing off. Cosmetic surgery is one of the significant issues in the field of medicine and culture, and one of the topics studied in the field of sociology. This study aims to investigate the sociocultural factors affec...

Beauty has been an intriguing issue since the evolving of a culture in mankind. Even the Neanderthals are believed to have applied makeover to enhance facial structures and thus underline beauty. The determinants of beauty and aesthetics have been defined by artists and scientists alike. This article will give an overview of the evolvement of a beauty concept and the significance of the facial ...