BACKGROUND Bone quantity, quality, and turnover contribute to whole bone strength. Although bone mineral density, or bone quantity, is associated with increased fracture risk, less is known about bone quality. Various conditions, including disorders of mineral homeostasis, disorders in bone remodeling, collagen disorders, and drugs, affect bone quality. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The objectives of th...

accurate measurements of physical characteristics of bone are essential for diagnosis, assessment of change following treatment, and therefore, indirectly, for evaluation of new forms of therapy. this is particularly true of osteoporosis and aging skeleton, in which fractures occur easily. methods: in this study an ultrasonic system was set-up and calibrated on plexiglas tubes of variable thick...

Abstract When studying bone fragility diseases, it is difficult to identify which factors reduce bone’s resistance fracture because these diseases alter at many length scales. Here, we investigate the contribution of nanoscale collagen behavior on macroscale toughness and microscale toughening mechanisms using a bovine heat-treatment model. This model assessed by developing an in situ testing t...

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mainly isolated from bone marrow or fat tissue. Because of their potential of multilineage differentiation towards bone, cartilage and fat tissue, they were initially evaluated to develop innovative strategies for tissue engineering applications. More recently, they have gained interest based on their immunomodulatory pr...

Bone is a dynamic organ that, once formed, undergoes constant remodeling process that includes bone resorption and synthesis. Osteoclasts osteoblasts are primarily responsible for controlling this process. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), transcription factor, affects the metabolism of bones in various ways. In recent years, numerous studies have revealed XBP1 plays vital role metabolism, includ...

Aging is a complex process of damage accumulation, and has been viewed as experimentally and medically intractable. The number of patients with age-associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer has increased recently. Aging-related diseases are related to a deficiency of the immune system, wh...