Abstract Introduction Renal dysfunction is one of the most important comorbidities in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and frequently accentuated setting acute HF (AHF). Serum creatinine blood urea nitrogen (BUN) have been classically used as markers renal dysfunction, despite having several limitations. High (BUN)/creatinine ratio has associated higher mortality HF. We aimed to predict...

objective(s):bradykinin is a part of the kinin-kallikreinsystem which is involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury via b1 and b2 receptors.noscapine is a non-competitive antagonist of bradykinin receptors. noscapine has been reported to to be able to protect some organs against ischemia-reperfusion injury but its effect on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (rir) in rats is unknown. therefore, the...

The hot cross bun sign is characterized by cruciform T2 signal hyperintensity in the pons and has been reported to be a specific but not pathognomic for multiple system atrophy. It reflects degeneration of pontine neurons and transverse pontocerebellar fibers, regardless of the underlying pathogenic process. Here, we report a case of hot cross bun sign following bilateral pontine infarction due...

Guaroa virus (GROV), a segmented virus in the genus Orthobunyavirus, has been linked to the Bunyamwera serogroup (BUN) through cross-reactivity in complement fixation assays of S segment-encoded nucleocapsid protein determinants, and also to the California serogroup (CAL) through cross-reactivity in neutralization assays of M segment-encoded glycoprotein determinants. Phylogenetic analysis of t...

Renal ischemia as a course of renal transplantation is a common cause of renal dysfunction as renal failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of ascorbic acid on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and resistive index (RI) for dog models with renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Renal ischemia was induced on 6 Beagle dogs. The left kidney was exposed to norm...

Reactions of the dianion [Te((t)BuN)P(μ-N(t)Bu)2P(N(t)Bu)Te](2-) with I2 or [Cp*RhCl2]2 unexpectedly produced complexes of the novel spirocyclic Te5 dianion [{(t)BuN(Te)P(μ-N(t)Bu)2P(Te)N(t)Bu}2μ-Te](2-), which is N,N'-coordinated to two Na(+) ions in the disodium derivative and adopts a Te,Te',Te''-bonding mode in the Cp*Rh complex.

The measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as serum or plasma urea is one of the most frequently ordered laboratory tests for evaluating renal functions. Conventional analysis of reactions of urea with diacetyl monoxime or urease with the Berthelot reaction [1] is rapidly giving way to the totally enzymatic reactions that are more convenient to perform and more easily adapted to modern instru...

BACKGROUND Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare remote effect of cancer. The antibodies and tumors associated with PNS have been well described, but there are still many clinically suspected cases in which no tumor or antibody can be identified. This is the first report of PNS showing hot cross-bun sign and caused by exceptionally rare underlying malignancy, such as burned-out t...