Background: The development of toxicity tests regarding toxic responses of different fish species could be more effectively used in predictive toxicology and risk assessment. In this study lethal concentrations (LC50-96 h) values of copper sulphate; an important toxic industrial pollutant, on Capoeta fusca were determined. Behavioral changes at different concentrations of CuSO4 were determined ...

in this study, a total of 146 specimen of fish species from garmrood river of amol, mazandaran province in the summer 2011 were caught by local fishermen which including ,10 sand goby (neogobius fluviatilis),4 round goby (neogobius melanostomus), 48 capoeta capoeta, 73 albernoides bipunctatus, 5 leuciscus cephalus, 7 cobitis taenia and 4 nemacheilus nemacheilus. the fishes were transported a li...

– the normal and lateral line cycloid scales of a cyprinid fish capoeta damascina (valenciennes incuvier and valenciennes, 1842) have been subjected to the scanning electron microscopy technique in orderto study their detailed structure. the scales have the general morphological characteristics of the cycloidscales. in the normal scale located below the dorsal fin, the focus lies towards the an...

BACKGROUND A patient's sex is likely to play an important role in facial paralysis reanimation, with women being superior in terms of development of brain plasticity after reanimation. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of movement dissociation and spontaneity of men versus women reanimated with gracilis transfer neurotized to the masseteric nerve. METHODS We conducted a retros...

In the flagellated protozoon Euglena gracilis, characterized nuclear genes harbor atypical introns that usually are flanked by short repeats, adopt complex secondary structures in pre-mRNA, and do not obey the GT-AG rule of conventional cis-spliced introns. In the nuclear fibrillarin gene of E. gracilis, we have identified three spliceosomal-type introns that have GT-AG consensus borders. Furth...

Traumatic brachial plexus root avulsions are devastating injuries, and are complex and challenging to reconstruct. Double free muscle transfer using the gracilis muscles is a potentially effective method of restoring upper extremity function. The authors report on the first two patients treated using this technique in Canada. Both sustained traumatic brachial plexus root avulsion injuries resul...