Epidemiological and phylogenetic associations of the pks genomic island of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), which encodes the genotoxin colibactin, are incompletely defined. clbB and clbN (as markers for the 5' and 3' regions of the pks island, respectively), clbA and clbQ (as supplemental pks island markers), and 12 other putative ExPEC virulence genes were newly sought by ...

background and aims: recently it has been proved that some of enterobacteriacea like klebsiella pneumoniae, which carry pks islands, damage dsdna by encoding colibactin genotoxin; and finally they induce some apoptosis in damaged mucosal cells. this study aimed to isolating the clbn and clbb genes, which are the markers of the pks genomic island, from pks cluster in these bacteria materials and...

The use of 10% oxgall and bile broth medium, both supplemented with freshly prepared 100 u/ml streptokinase, for isolating Salmonella typhi by clot culture technique was evaluated and compared against whole blood culture systems (3 ml blood in 9 ml media and 8 ml blood in 72 ml media). These gave a 1:4 and 1:10 blood to medium ratio, respectively. Clot cultures in 10% oxgall (CLOX) gave a 57% p...

We read with great interest the paper entitled “Clostridium difficile with High Linezolid MICs Harbor the Multiresistance Gene cfr” presented by Marín et al. (1). However, we have some concerns with regard to (i) the gene nomenclature used by the authors and (ii) the functionality of the gene. It is important to understand that the Cfr protein belongs to the radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) s...

Escherichia coli sequence type ST131 (O25b:H4) has emerged over the past decade as a globally disseminated, multidrug-resistant pathogen. Unlike traditional antimicrobial-resistant E. coli, ST131 derives from virulence-associated phylogenetic group B2 and exhibits extraintestinal virulence factors. This, plus preliminary evidence of virulence in experimental animals, has suggested that ST131's ...