one of the challenges of academic writing is the creation of a structurally and communicatively well-organized and coherent text. metadiscourse enables authors of journal articles to achieve this goal by raising the writers‘ awareness about discourse features which can contribute to a better academic content production. also, l1 background has always been a hot topic in applied linguistics and ...

the present study investigated the effect of marginal glosses (both l1 and l2) on incidental vocabulary learning of efl learners. the subject pool consisted of 154 third-semester iranian students enrolled at azad university, central branch. after administering a proficiency test, 90 homogeneous students were assigned to two experimental groups (x1 & x2) and one control group. afterwards, a 50 -...

The current study investigated the effects of L1 and L2 glosses on L2 vocabulary retention in incidental and intentional settings. To this end, 100 intermediate Iranian female learners of English as a foreign language at Soroosh High School were given a pre-test to make sure that they do not have any prior knowledge of the target words. Reading passages with three different glossing conditions ...

Gloss is a property of paper that is used to emphasize print quality and color appearance. However, standard gloss measuring devices are not able to provide sufficiently accurate information to reliably develop papers with specific gloss characteristics. In this paper, the behavior of gloss is studied using goniometric imaging and spectral color information. A goniometric imaging system is prop...

In the presented gloss, author, on basis of decision Supreme Court, analyzes relation Article 54 § 1 to Articles 53 and 3 criminal code. The author’s aim is establish significance educational goal punishment in light directives punishment. phrase “first all” an essential thing for interpretation provision code establishment aforementioned relation. Ultimately, albeit author uses a different arg...

Interactions between the albedo and the gloss on a surface are commonplace. Darker surfaces are perceived glossier (contrast gloss) than lighter surfaces and darker backgrounds can enhance perceived lightness of surfaces. We used maximum likelihood conjoint measurements to simultaneously quantify the strength of those effects. We quantified the extent to which albedo can influence perceived glo...

Wood finishes protect the surface of wood from external agents, enhance its looks and improve its gloss (luster). On constant external exposure, UV rays gradually degrade the film coating resulting in loss of gloss. In this study, two commonly used finishes namely spirit shellac and polyurethane finish were used to investigate the pattern of loss of gloss due to UV interference. Two coatings of...

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different degradations on the roughness, gloss, and color changes of microhybrid composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten specimens were prepared for Charisma, Amelogen Plus, Point 4, and Opallis resins. Surfaces were polished and baseline measurements of roughness, gloss, and color were recorded. Specimens were then submitted to ch...

It is currently debated whether the perception of gloss is linked to the statistical parameters of the retinal image. In particular, it has been suggested that gloss is highly correlated with the skewness of the luminance histogram. However, other psychophysical work with artificial stimuli has shown that skewness alone is not enough to induce the perception of gloss. Here, we analyzed many ima...

In this paper we present results from an experiment designed to investigate the effects of image dynamic range on apparent surface gloss. Using a high dynamic range display, we present high dynamic range (HDR) and standard dynamic range (tone mapped, SDR) renderings of glossy objects in pairs and ask subjects to choose the glossier object. We analyze the results of the experiments using Thursto...