نتایج جستجو برای: corruption and health systems
تعداد نتایج: 17122299 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Corruption has been described as a disease. When corruption infiltrates global health, it can be particularly devastating, threatening hard gained improvements in human and economic development, international security, and population health. Yet, the multifaceted and complex nature of global health corruption makes it extremely difficult to tackle, despite its enormous costs, which have been es...
Corruption can take various forms, including frank bribery and the corruption of knowledge. Prominent in the health field is corruption associated with the pharmaceutical industry. This can impair true freedom to choose optimal therapeutic strategies by misrepresenting less qualified yet more expensive (“pseudo-innovative”) products, resulting in increased expenditures without improvement in th...
this paper reviews the essence of effective governance and importance of a multi-sectoral approach in generating health systems response to hiv/aids. this comprehensive approach highlights the importance of integrating reproductive sexual health programs and hiv prevention services, including peer education, life skills, and voluntary counseling and testing (vct), for prevention of mother–to-ch...
abstract: since sugar consumption is directly related to diabetes and other illnesses such as obesity, the issue that will most heavily dominate the health food market is blood sugar management and low glycemic foods. using calcium chloride and gums such as sodium alginate and low ester pectin as thikener and a high-potency sweetener aspartame we were able to reduce sugar content of sour cherry...
Background and aim: According to reports of the international institutions on corruption assessment such as the United Nations, the World Bank, and Transparency International, all countries around the world, more or less, suffer from the phenomenon of corruption. According to various annually published reports by international organizations, different sectors of a society including industry, co...
Introduction: Corruption, as a deterrent to equitable development, is recognized as a contentious issue in the field of institutional quality and political economy. The literature on the impact of corruption on economic growth often addresses the issue that corruption has had a negative impact on economic growth and development. But some economists believe that corruption has had a positive eff...
This study contributes to the health governance discussion by presenting a new data set that allows for comparisons of the management of health resources among Brazilian municipalities. Research on Brazil is particularly important as the provision of health services was decentralized in 1988 and since then municipalities have been given greater responsibilities for the management of fiscal reso...
different researchers in different parts of the world have investigated the strategies used to translate written works ranging from novels to classroom assignments. however, by the significant increase in the number of postgraduate students in iran in the last few years, a very common kind of translation in iran includes translating abstracts of master’s theses. in this work, the researcher hav...
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