Return on investment is a driving force that motivates and is a reward for investors. Investment returns are important for investors, in order for the entire investment game to be realized. Evaluating efficiency is the only logical way (Before risk assessment) that investors can do to compare alternative and different investments. Measuring real returns (relative to the past) is needed to bette...

Culture and leadership factors play an important role in software development and cost estimation. We discuss the many dimensions of culture and leadership and their impact on cost estimation in software development. We conducted a survey to identify leadership and cultural factors that may influence the software development process and its associated cost. A cost estimation model incorporating...

this study has two main purposes including examining the structural model of leadership stereotype, leadership competency, and achievement motivation in leadership role and investigating the moderating effects of gender on the overall model. using a sample of 303 extension agents from three jihad-e-agriculture organizations of tehran, kermanshah, and khorasan razavi provinces in iran, we conduc...

This study examines how the corporate link between a foreign subsidiary and its corporate members (parent and peer subsidiaries) is influenced by the subsidiary’s competitive strategy in a specific host country. The mainstream logic, especially that of Michael Porter, suggests that corporate link should be stronger when a multinational enterprise (MNE) focuses on cost leadership than on product...

PROBLEM The healthcare system is plagued with increasing cost and poor quality outcomes. A major contributing factor for these issues is that outdated leadership practices, such as leader-centricity, linear thinking, and poor readiness for innovation, are being used in healthcare organizations. SOLUTION Complexity leadership theory provides a new framework with which healthcare leaders may pr...

The purpose of this study was to measure the strategy implementation cost leadership and differrentiation its competitive advantage in SMEs culinary business. design or method which is used a multiple linear regression statistical analysis by independent variable (X) products Nasi Bakoel as Cost (X1) product Dimsum Differrentiation (X2). While dependent (Y) Total Sales advantage. findings simul...